How to reduce swelling after hands become swollen due to frostbite

Generally, the main methods for reducing swelling and thickening of hands after frostbite include rewarming care, local massage, medication, physical therapy, and daily protection. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Rewarming Care

After hand frostbite, local blood vessels constrict, causing tissue ischemia and hypoxia that lead to swelling and thickening. Timely and proper rewarming is the foundation for reducing swelling. Immerse the affected hand in warm water at 37–40°C for 15–20 minutes per session to gradually dilate blood vessels and restore blood flow. Avoid washing with hot water or roasting near open flames, as these may cause severe vasoconstriction and worsen tissue damage. After rewarming, gently dry the hand with a soft towel.

2. Local Massage

Massage can improve blood circulation in frostbitten hands, enhance tissue oxygenation, and reduce swelling. After cleaning the hands, use the fingertips to gently massage from the fingertips toward the wrist, focusing on swollen areas for 10–15 minutes each time. A non-irritating hand cream can be used during massage to reduce friction, moisturize the skin, and aid in repairing the damaged skin barrier.

3. Medication

Medications can help relieve inflammation and swelling caused by frostbite. Under medical guidance, patients may apply topical agents such as heparin sodium ointment, chilblain ointment, or vitamin E cream. These medications promote local blood circulation, reduce inflammatory responses, alleviate swelling, and support skin recovery. Ensure the hands are clean and dry before applying any medication.

4. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy accelerates swelling reduction through specific techniques, commonly including infrared irradiation and helium-neon laser therapy. Infrared radiation penetrates the skin surface, improves local circulation, and reduces tissue edema. Helium-neon laser therapy helps decrease inflammation and promotes faster repair of damaged tissues, aiding in restoring the hand to its normal condition.

5. Daily Protection

Proper daily protection prevents worsening of frostbite and recurrence of swelling. Wear thick, warm gloves when going outdoors to avoid exposing hands to cold environments. Maintain hand warmth in daily life and avoid contact with cold water or icy objects. Include protein-rich and vitamin-rich foods in the diet to enhance the body’s resistance to cold.

In addition, patients should avoid scratching frostbitten areas to prevent skin breaks and subsequent infection. If hand swelling persists, or if blisters or ulcerations develop, seek medical attention promptly. Proper medical treatment under professional guidance is essential to prevent disease progression and preserve hand function.