What are the differences between Helicobacter pylori C-13 and C-14?

Generally, the differences between C-13 and C-14 tests for Helicobacter pylori include detection principle markers, radiation exposure, applicable population groups, test accuracy, and dosage of reagents. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Detection Principle Markers: The C-13 test uses urea reagent labeled with stable carbon isotope C-13, while the C-14 test uses urea reagent labeled with radioactive carbon isotope C-14. Both detect the breakdown products of labeled urea in exhaled breath to determine infection; however, there is a fundamental difference in the type of isotope used.

2. Radiation Exposure: C-13 is a stable isotope and emits no radiation during testing, thus posing no radiation burden to the body. In contrast, C-14 has weak radioactivity. Although the radiation dose is low, there remains a slight radiation risk, which represents the key safety difference between the two methods.

3. Applicable Population Range: Due to the absence of radiation, the C-13 test can be safely used in a broader population, including pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children. Because of its radioactivity, the C-14 test is generally not recommended for pregnant or lactating women or children under 14 years of age, and is typically restricted to adult populations.

4. Test Accuracy: Under standardized procedures, both tests offer high accuracy. However, the C-13 test has slightly higher sensitivity in detecting Helicobacter pylori, especially in cases of mild infection. It also provides relatively better result stability and a lower probability of error.

5. Reagent Dosage: The single dose of reagent used in the C-13 test is usually smaller, typically just a few milligrams. Due to the concentration of radioactive material, the C-14 test requires a relatively larger single dose, the exact amount of which must strictly follow the standards set by the testing institution.

When choosing a testing method, individuals should consider their age and health status (such as pregnancy or breastfeeding). Special populations should preferably undergo the C-13 test. Prior to testing, antibiotics, acid-suppressing medications, and similar drugs should be discontinued as instructed to avoid affecting test accuracy. Any discomfort after testing should be promptly reported to healthcare professionals.