What does abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) mean?

Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels usually indicate potential impairment of liver function, primarily manifested as increased values. This elevation may result from physiological factors or serve as a warning sign of liver disease, requiring evaluation based on specific circumstances. Detailed analysis is as follows:

ALT is primarily found within hepatocytes and normally exists at very low levels in the bloodstream. Physiological factors such as intense physical activity, staying up late, excessive alcohol consumption, can cause transient, mild liver cell damage, leading to enzyme release into the blood and elevated ALT levels. Such abnormalities are usually temporary; once triggering factors are removed, levels typically return to normal spontaneously without causing ongoing liver damage.

Persistent elevation or significantly abnormal ALT levels should raise concern for underlying liver disease. Conditions such as viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis can disrupt hepatocyte structure, resulting in large amounts of ALT being released into the bloodstream. Additionally, biliary tract issues like bile duct obstruction or cholecystitis may indirectly affect ALT metabolism and lead to abnormal values. In these cases, further diagnostic tests are necessary to identify the root cause and prevent disease progression.

In daily life, it's important to develop healthy habits—avoid excessive alcohol consumption and indiscriminate use of medications, maintain regular sleep patterns, and exercise moderately. Diet-wise, reduce intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods, and consume more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins.