HBV injection within hours after sharp injury

HBV refers to the hepatitis B virus. After a sharp injury involving exposure to HBV, hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) should be administered as early as possible within 24 hours, with the optimal time being within 12 hours of exposure. Additionally, the hepatitis B vaccine should be administered according to the 0-1-6 month vaccination schedule. Even if more than 24 hours have passed, prompt catch-up vaccination is still recommended, as partial protection can still be achieved. If signs of wound infection or other symptoms occur, medical attention should be sought promptly.

Hepatitis B immune globulin contains high-titer antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen and can rapidly neutralize free virus in the body. Administration within 12 hours maximizes prevention of infection, while administration within 24 hours remains effective although efficacy gradually decreases over time; the longer the delay, the higher the risk of infection.

Individuals who have never received the hepatitis B vaccine or whose antibody levels are insufficient should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine simultaneously with HBIG injection, followed by completion of the full vaccination series as scheduled. Those who already have adequate protective antibody levels may only require wound management and monitoring, without additional HBIG administration.

Immediately after injury, gently squeeze the wound from the proximal end toward the distal end to expel contaminated blood, then rinse thoroughly with soap and running water for at least 15 minutes. Afterward, disinfect the area with alcohol or iodophor, avoid secondary contamination of the wound, maintain strict personal protective measures throughout, and regularly monitor hepatitis B antibody levels.