What symptoms may occur when liver function is severely impaired?

Generally, when liver function is severely impaired, the body will exhibit obvious abnormal manifestations, mainly including jaundice, gastrointestinal symptoms, bleeding tendencies, altered mental status, and ascites. The details are as follows:

1. Jaundice: When the liver's ability to metabolize bilirubin declines, bilirubin accumulates in the body, leading to yellowing of the skin and sclera, darkened urine (similar in color to strong tea), and pale or even clay-colored stools. The severity of jaundice usually correlates with the degree of liver damage—the more severe the impairment, the more pronounced the jaundice.

2. Gastrointestinal symptoms: Abnormal bile secretion by the liver affects digestion and absorption of food, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Patients often experience abdominal bloating and pain after eating. Some individuals may also develop diarrhea with loose, mushy stools. Over time, this can lead to significant weight loss and physical wasting.

3. Bleeding tendencies: Reduced synthesis of clotting factors by the liver leads to coagulation disorders, manifesting as gum bleeding, nosebleeds, easy bruising, petechiae, and subcutaneous hemorrhage even after minor trauma. In severe cases, gastrointestinal bleeding may occur, presenting as hematemesis (vomiting blood) or melena (black, tarry stools).

4. Altered mental status: When the liver fails to effectively metabolize toxic substances such as ammonia, these toxins enter the brain and cause hepatic encephalopathy. Early signs include drowsiness, behavioral changes, and slowed reaction times. As the condition progresses, patients may develop confusion, disorientation, and eventually fall into a coma, which can be life-threatening.

5. Ascites: Severe liver dysfunction leads to portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia, causing fluid to leak from blood vessels into the abdominal cavity. This results in noticeable abdominal distension, accompanied by bloating and a tight sensation in the abdomen. In severe cases, ascites can impair breathing, leading to chest tightness and shortness of breath.

Severe liver dysfunction poses serious health risks. Prompt medical attention is essential if related symptoms appear. In daily life, alcohol consumption and drug misuse should be avoided. A light, balanced diet is recommended to reduce the burden on the liver and support its recovery.