Can air bubbles in a nail (or fingernail/toenail) lead to infection?

Generally speaking, whether air bubbles in nail covers can lead to infection depends on the specific type and usage. Ordinary decorative nail covers usually pose no risk, while medicinal or damaged nail covers may potentially cause infection. If in doubt, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional in advance. The detailed analysis is as follows:

If the nail cover is a regular decorative one (such as those used in manicures), air bubbles are typically caused by improper application techniques—such as uneven glue application or poor adhesion. As long as the nail cover itself is intact, free of contaminants, and the nail surface has no wounds, such bubbles will not cause infection. It is sufficient to maintain daily hygiene and avoid prolonged loosening of the nail cover, which could lead to dirt accumulation. There is generally no need for excessive concern.

However, if the nail cover is medicinal (for example, those applied to treat nail conditions), or if the cover is damaged, or if debris has entered the bubble, and there are wounds, redness, or swelling around the nail area, the bubble may create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infection. In such cases, the nail cover should be removed promptly, and the affected skin should be cleaned. If symptoms such as pain or pus develop, infection may have already occurred and requires prompt attention and treatment.

When using decorative nail covers, ensure they are firmly attached to minimize bubbles. Replace medicinal nail covers immediately if bubbles or damage occur. Avoid using nail covers when there are open wounds around the nails. Discontinue use and consult a professional promptly if any discomfort arises.