What should I do if my injection site itches and swells after vaccination?

Swelling and itching after vaccination can be managed by keeping the area clean, avoiding scratching or irritation, applying cold compresses to relieve discomfort, monitoring symptom changes, and avoiding triggering factors. These reactions are usually normal local responses and do not require excessive concern. However, if the swelling and itching continue to spread, or are accompanied by fever, rash, or difficulty breathing, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Keep the area clean: Gently wipe the injection site with warm water. Avoid using irritating cleansers such as soap or shower gel, and keep the skin dry to reduce the risk of bacterial infection.

2. Avoid scratching and irritation: Scratching may break the skin and lead to infection. Try distracting your attention to reduce the urge to scratch. If necessary, after cleaning hands, wear breathable gloves to prevent unconscious scratching.

3. Use cold compresses to relieve discomfort: After 24 hours post-vaccination, apply a cold pack wrapped in a clean towel to the area for 15–20 minutes, 2–3 times daily, to help constrict blood vessels and reduce swelling and itching.

4. Monitor symptom changes: Record the extent, severity, and duration of the swelling and itching. Normal reactions typically subside gradually within 2–3 days. Seek medical advice if symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop.

5. Avoid triggering factors: Prevent the injection site from contact with water, pressure, or friction. Avoid spicy, stimulating foods and seafood to minimize local irritation and allergic reactions, supporting faster recovery.

Remain for observation for 30 minutes after vaccination before leaving. At home, wear loose, breathable cotton clothing to avoid pressing on the injection site. Maintain a light diet and drink plenty of water to promote metabolism. Gentle care helps the body smoothly pass through the reaction period.