What causes a hard lump on the inner labia minora, and what should be done about it?

Generally, hard small bumps appearing on the inner side of the labia minora may be caused by sebaceous gland blockage, local friction irritation, vulvar folliculitis, Bartholin's cyst, or genital warts. Depending on the specific situation, patients can choose appropriate management through general care, medication, or surgical intervention. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Sebaceous Gland Blockage

The labia minora are rich in sebaceous glands. When secretion is excessive, gland openings can easily become blocked by keratin or secretions, leading to accumulation of sebum and formation of firm, small cysts that are usually painless or slightly swollen. Cleanse daily with warm water, wear pure cotton breathable underwear, reduce use of sanitary liners, and avoid squeezing.

2. Local Friction Irritation

Repeated friction from cycling, prolonged sitting, or tight clothing can cause tissue edema and hardening of the labia minora, resulting in localized induration. Switch to loose-fitting clothes, avoid prolonged pressure, apply cold compresses to reduce swelling, and keep the vulvar area dry and clean.

3. Vulvar Folliculitis

When hair follicles in the pubic region are invaded by Staphylococcus aureus, they become red, swollen, and purulent, forming painful hard nodules with visible pus points at the top. Topical application of mupirocin ointment, fusidic acid cream, or erythromycin ointment twice daily for a course of one week is recommended. Avoid hair removal during treatment.

4. Bartholin's Cyst

Obstruction of the glandular duct leads to mucus retention, causing a smooth, hard lump on the lower inner side of the labia minora. Secondary infection may result in severe pain. Oral antibiotics such as cefradine capsules, metronidazole tablets, and levofloxacin tablets can help control inflammation. If an abscess forms, marsupialization of the Bartholin's gland is required.

5. Genital Warts

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes local epidermal proliferation. Initially, small firm papules appear, which later develop into cauliflower-like growths and may be accompanied by itching or bleeding. Treatments include topical imiquimod cream, podophyllotoxin tincture, or catechin ointment. Large warts require removal via high-frequency electrocautery. Sexual partners should also undergo concurrent examination.

Maintain good vulvar hygiene by keeping the area clean and dry, and avoid scratching. Practice proper cleaning before and after sexual intercourse and consistently use condoms correctly. Seek medical attention promptly if the bump continues to grow, ulcerates, or discharges fluid.