What causes elevated glutamate dehydrogenase levels?

Under normal circumstances, elevated glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) levels may be caused by intense exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or biliary obstruction. Depending on their specific condition, patients can improve their health through general management, medication, or surgical treatment. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Intense Exercise

Intense physical activity can cause mild damage to liver cells, leading to the release of glutamate dehydrogenase from mitochondria into the bloodstream, resulting in elevated levels. Discontinue high-intensity exercise, ensure adequate rest, and maintain a light, easily digestible diet. Recheck levels after 1–2 weeks.

2. Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol metabolites directly damage mitochondrial structures in liver cells, disrupting cell integrity and causing enzyme leakage. Complete abstinence from alcohol is essential. Supplement with B-complex vitamins, consume more fresh fruits and vegetables, and avoid spicy or irritating foods.

3. Chronic Hepatitis

Persistent viral infection or inflammation damages liver cells, leading to enzyme release into the blood. Symptoms often include fatigue and reduced appetite. Under medical guidance, medications such as compound glycyrrhizin tablets, silybin capsules, or bifendate tablets may be prescribed. Liver function should be monitored regularly.

4. Liver Cirrhosis

Widespread fibrosis and necrosis of liver cells result in significant enzyme release. Symptoms may include jaundice and abdominal distension. Follow medical advice to use entecavir dispersible tablets, spironolactone tablets, and furosemide tablets. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be required.

5. Biliary Obstruction

Stones or strictures cause bile stasis, compressing and damaging liver cells, often accompanied by right upper abdominal pain and jaundice. Immediate medical attention is necessary. Treatment may involve common bile duct exploration and stone removal surgery. Postoperative medications may include ursodeoxycholic acid capsules, cefuroxime axetil tablets, and metronidazole tablets.

In daily life, it is important to maintain regular作息 (作息 translates to "daily routine" or "sleep schedule"), avoid excessive drinking and overexertion, and adhere to a low-fat, light diet. It is recommended to undergo liver function testing every six months. If symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or abdominal pain occur, prompt medical evaluation and diagnosis are necessary.