What medication is good for gonorrhea?
Medications commonly used to treat gonorrhea generally include ceftriaxone sodium injection, azithromycin tablets, doxycycline hydrochloride tablets, levofloxacin tablets, and spectinomycin injection. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Ceftriaxone Sodium Injection: This is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is highly effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is suitable for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. It must be administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection.
2. Azithromycin Tablets: A macrolide antibiotic that inhibits the growth of gonococci by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis. It is effective against genital gonorrhea and gonococcal pharyngitis, particularly suitable for patients allergic to β-lactam antibiotics. Common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal discomfort and headache.
3. Doxycycline Hydrochloride Tablets: A broad-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic frequently used in combination therapy for gonorrhea co-infected with Chlamydia. Treatment typically requires continuous administration for 7 days. Possible side effects during treatment include photosensitivity and esophageal irritation. It is contraindicated in pregnant women and children under 8 years of age.
4. Levofloxacin Tablets: A quinolone antibacterial agent that works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase. It shows good efficacy against gonococcal urethritis. However, due to the high resistance rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to quinolones, drug susceptibility testing should be performed before use. It should be avoided in adolescents and pregnant women.
5. Spectinomycin Injection: An aminoglycoside antibiotic suitable for gonorrhea patients who are allergic to cephalosporins, especially effective for gonococcal proctitis. It requires deep intramuscular injection and may cause local pain at the injection site or dizziness. Caution is advised in patients with renal impairment.
Sexual activity should be avoided during treatment until full recovery. Sexual partners should also undergo concurrent examination and treatment. Maintaining hygiene of the perineal area is important, and follow-up testing after treatment is necessary to confirm clearance of the pathogen.
