What should patients with tuberculosis complicated by diabetes do?

For patients with tuberculosis complicated by diabetes, it is necessary to implement standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment, strict blood glucose control, enhanced nutritional support, regular monitoring and follow-up, and prevention of complications. Since the two conditions interact, they require coordinated management. If persistent high fever, hemoptysis, severe blood glucose fluctuations, or difficulty breathing occur, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment: Follow the principles of early, combined, appropriate, regular, and complete treatment. Use sensitive anti-tuberculosis drugs and avoid self-discontinuation or dose reduction. Because diabetes may reduce treatment efficacy, a prolonged treatment course is often needed with close monitoring for drug-related adverse effects.

2. Strict blood glucose control: Combine diet and exercise with hypoglycemic agents or insulin to maintain fasting blood glucose within a target range. Hyperglycemia can worsen tuberculosis; therefore, stable glucose levels are key to improving treatment outcomes.

3. Enhanced nutritional support: Ensure adequate intake of high-quality protein and essential vitamins while adhering to diabetic dietary requirements. Control total caloric intake and carbohydrate consumption to strengthen immune function and provide the necessary nutritional foundation for healing of tuberculous lesions.

4. Regular monitoring and follow-up: Routinely check blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and periodically repeat chest X-rays, liver function tests, and complete blood counts. These help assess absorption of tuberculous lesions and monitor drug-induced effects on liver and kidney function, allowing timely adjustment of treatment plans.

5. Prevention of complications: Pay attention to respiratory protection to avoid cross-infection, maintain skin hygiene to prevent diabetic foot, and monitor vision and renal function regularly. Be vigilant for complications such as disseminated tuberculosis and diabetic nephropathy.

In daily life, maintain regular作息 (sleep-wake cycles), avoid overexertion, quit smoking and alcohol, stay away from dusty environments, keep emotions stable, strictly adhere to prescribed medications, balance diet appropriately, and persist in moderate physical activity to enhance immunity and promote recovery from both conditions.