What is lymph node tuberculosis, and is it a serious condition?

Lymph node tuberculosis is generally a chronic inflammatory disease of the lymph nodes caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The severity of the condition varies depending on individual differences and whether timely treatment is received. If abnormalities occur, prompt medical attention is recommended. A detailed analysis is as follows:

In the early stages, lymph node tuberculosis commonly presents as painless enlargement of lymph nodes in areas such as the neck, armpits, or groin. The swollen nodes are typically firm but movable. With standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment at this stage, most patients have a good prognosis and the condition is not considered severe. However, if left untreated, the lymph nodes may coalesce into masses, rupture, and discharge pus, forming persistent sinus tracts. In severe cases, it can lead to disseminated tuberculosis affecting distant organs such as bones, joints, and the urinary system, significantly worsening the condition.

Treatment requires a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin, with a typical course lasting 6–9 months. Patients with drug-resistant strains may require extended treatment duration or adjusted regimens. When abscesses or sinus tracts develop, surgical removal of necrotic tissue combined with drug therapy is necessary.

Patients with lymph node tuberculosis must strictly adhere to medical instructions and complete the full course of treatment, avoiding self-discontinuation or dose adjustments. Regular follow-up tests for liver function and blood counts are essential to monitor for potential drug-related adverse effects.