What are the side effects of dasatinib?

Generally, dasatinib, as a targeted antitumor agent, while exerting its therapeutic effects, may cause side effects including hematologic abnormalities, gastrointestinal reactions, skin and mucosal symptoms, fluid retention, musculoskeletal pain, and others. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Hematologic abnormalities: This is a relatively common side effect, potentially leading to decreased counts of white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells, manifesting as increased susceptibility to infections, gum bleeding, pallor, and fatigue. These abnormalities often occur early in treatment and require regular monitoring of complete blood counts so that drug dosage can be adjusted promptly if necessary.

2. Gastrointestinal reactions: Patients commonly experience symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by loss of appetite. The severity varies among individuals and usually diminishes over time as the body gradually adapts to the medication. Symptoms can be alleviated with a bland diet or, as directed by a physician, antiemetic and antidiarrheal medications.

3. Skin and mucosal symptoms: These may include rash and itching, with rashes typically appearing as scattered maculopapular eruptions on the trunk and limbs. A minority of patients may develop oral ulcers or dry skin. Maintaining skin hygiene, avoiding scratching, and appropriate local care can help reduce symptom severity.

4. Fluid retention: This may lead to edema, most commonly around the eyelids and lower limbs. In severe cases, pleural or peritoneal effusions may occur. During treatment, salt intake should be controlled, legs elevated when possible, and diuretics used if necessary to help manage symptoms.

5. Musculoskeletal pain: Patients may experience joint pain and muscle aches, primarily affecting the back, legs, and joints, which may worsen with physical activity. Adequate rest, gentle massage, or analgesics used under medical guidance can help relieve discomfort.

The side effects of dasatinib vary significantly among individuals; not all patients will experience the above symptoms, and the severity differs widely. It is essential to follow medical instructions strictly, undergo regular follow-up examinations, and proactively report any adverse symptoms to allow timely medical intervention and ensure safe treatment.