What does it mean if alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is elevated, and what should be done?

　　"Alanine aminotransferase" usually refers to alanine transaminase (ALT). In general, elevated ALT levels may be caused by excessive alcohol consumption, staying up late, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, and other reasons. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and under a doctor's guidance improve the condition through lifestyle adjustments, medication, or other treatments. Specific analyses are as follows:

　　1. Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the liver. Excessive drinking can directly damage liver cells, causing ALT to be released into the bloodstream. Immediately stop drinking alcohol; individuals with mild elevations may gradually recover within 1–2 weeks after quitting. Avoid consuming any alcoholic beverages in daily life.

　　2. Staying up late and fatigue: Long-term sleep deprivation or overexertion prevents the liver from getting adequate rest, leading to metabolic dysfunction and increased ALT levels. Maintain regular作息 (sleep-wake cycles), ensure 7–8 hours of sleep per day, avoid heavy physical labor and prolonged熬夜 (late-night activities), and reduce the burden on the liver.

　　3. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Accumulation of fat within liver cells disrupts cellular structure, resulting in elevated ALT levels. Control intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods, engage in aerobic exercise 3–4 times per week, and take medications such as silybin capsules, polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules, or diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules as directed by a physician.

　　4. Drug-induced liver injury: Long-term use of hepatotoxic drugs such as anti-tuberculosis agents or lipid-lowering medications can damage liver cells. Discontinue suspected drugs immediately and follow medical advice to take liver-protective medications such as reduced glutathione tablets, tiopronin enteric-coated tablets, or compound glycyrrhizin tablets to support liver recovery.

　　5. Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis B or C viruses invade and destroy liver cells, leading to cell necrosis and increased ALT levels. Patients with hepatitis B may take entecavir tablets, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets, or lamivudine tablets as prescribed. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be considered to replace the damaged liver.

　　Maintain a light and balanced diet, consume more fresh fruits, vegetables, and high-quality protein, and avoid spicy or irritating foods. Regularly recheck liver function tests to monitor changes in indicators and maintain liver health through scientific care.