What are the early physical symptoms of AIDS?
Dec 03, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
In general, the early stage of AIDS is the acute phase following viral invasion of the body, and common physical symptoms include persistent low-grade fever, swollen lymph nodes, skin rash, gastrointestinal discomfort, and sore throat. Early symptoms of AIDS are nonspecific and can easily be mistaken for a cold or common infection. Individuals with a history of high-risk behaviors who experience these symptoms should promptly undergo HIV antibody testing.
Generally, the early stage of AIDS is the acute phase following HIV invasion of the human body. Common physical symptoms include persistent low-grade fever, swollen lymph nodes, skin rashes, gastrointestinal discomfort, and sore throat. Specific details are as follows:
1. Persistent low-grade fever: A low fever often appears 2–4 weeks after infection, with body temperature typically ranging between 37.5°C and 38.5°C. The fever lacks a clear pattern—it may be normal during the day but rise at night—and can last from several days to weeks. This fever reflects the immune system's response to the virus and is often accompanied by fatigue and lethargy.
2. Swollen lymph nodes: Most commonly observed in the neck, armpits, and groin areas. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually 0.5–2 cm in diameter, firm in texture, well-defined, movable, and mostly painless. About 86% of patients in the early stage experience this symptom, which may persist for 3–6 months.
3. Skin rash: The rash varies in appearance but mainly presents as light red macules or papules, frequently appearing on the chest, back, neck, and limbs. It may be scattered or occur in patches. Some cases involve mild itching and typically resolve spontaneously within a few weeks, making them easily mistaken for common rashes.
4. Gastrointestinal discomfort: Often manifests as chronic diarrhea with loose or watery stools. Other symptoms such as nausea and loss of appetite may also occur. These symptoms result from the virus affecting gastrointestinal function and may last more than one week.
5. Sore throat: Characterized by dryness and significant pain in the throat, worsening during swallowing. It resembles pharyngitis but without obvious redness or swelling. It commonly occurs alongside low-grade fever and fatigue, and provides limited relief from common throat-soothing medications.
Early symptoms of AIDS lack specificity and are easily mistaken for the common cold or other minor infections. Individuals with a history of high-risk behaviors who develop these symptoms should promptly undergo HIV antibody testing. Practicing safe sex and avoiding sharing needles are effective ways to reduce the risk of infection.
