What are the TCM classifications of kidney deficiency?

TCM typically classifies kidney deficiency into several types: kidney yang deficiency, kidney yin deficiency, kidney qi deficiency, kidney essence insufficiency, and combined kidney yin-yang deficiency. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Kidney Yang Deficiency: Often caused by excessive fatigue or prolonged illness damaging yang energy, the core manifestations include sensitivity to cold, cold limbs, and cold pain in the lower back and knees. Other possible symptoms include frequent nighttime urination, clear and copious urine, low energy, and in some individuals, reduced sexual function.

2. Kidney Yin Deficiency: Commonly results from long-term illness depleting body fluids or excessive sexual activity. Typical symptoms include tidal fever, night sweats, dry mouth and throat, dizziness, and tinnitus. Additional manifestations may include soreness and weakness in the lower back and knees, heat sensations in the palms and soles, insomnia, and vivid dreams. Men may experience nocturnal emissions, while women may develop menstrual irregularities.

3. Kidney Qi Deficiency: Usually due to congenital insufficiency or overexertion impairing kidney qi. Main symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, weak lower back and knees, hearing loss, frequent urination, or even urinary incontinence, with symptoms worsening after physical activity. Some individuals may also appear pale.

4. Kidney Essence Insufficiency: Often associated with weak congenital constitution or inadequate nourishment in daily life. It manifests as delayed growth and development in children, while adults may show signs of premature aging, hair loss, loose teeth, and weakness in the lower back and knees. Men may have reduced sperm count, while women may experience amenorrhea or infertility.

5. Combined Kidney Yin-Yang Deficiency: Develops from either prolonged kidney yang or kidney yin deficiency, presenting symptoms of both types. Individuals may simultaneously experience cold intolerance (yang deficiency) and symptoms such as night sweats and tidal fever (yin deficiency), indicating an overall state of physical weakness with yin-yang imbalance.

Differentiation of kidney deficiency types should be performed by a qualified TCM practitioner; self-diagnosis and medication based on symptoms alone are not recommended. Daily care should include maintaining regular作息 (lifestyle routines), practicing moderation in sexual activity, engaging in appropriate exercise, and adjusting diet according to the specific pattern. Seek medical advice promptly if discomfort occurs.