What causes a black tongue during pregnancy?

Pregnancy-related black discoloration of the tongue may be caused by dietary factors, hormonal changes, inadequate oral hygiene, pregnancy-induced gastritis, or fungal infections. This condition can be improved through dietary adjustments, proper oral care, and medical treatment. If the discoloration persists or is accompanied by bad breath or pain, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Dietary factors: Consuming dark-colored foods such as black sesame seeds or dark chocolate can lead to pigment deposition on the tongue's surface, resulting in a blackish appearance without other discomfort. It is advised to reduce intake of such foods and rinse the mouth with warm water after eating to prevent prolonged pigment retention.

2. Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels during pregnancy can affect saliva production and reduce the mouth’s natural self-cleaning ability, leading to thicker tongue coating that may appear dark. It is recommended to drink more water to stimulate saliva secretion, maintain oral moisture, and reduce tongue coating buildup.

3. Inadequate oral hygiene: Incomplete tooth brushing during pregnancy can result in bacterial growth and food residue accumulation on the tongue, eventually causing black discoloration. It is advised to gently clean the tongue daily using a soft-bristled toothbrush and rinse the mouth after meals to maintain good oral hygiene.

4. Pregnancy-induced gastritis: Weakened gastrointestinal function during pregnancy can impair digestion, leading to food fermentation and unpleasant odors that affect the oral environment, causing a black-tinged tongue along with bloating and acid reflux. Under medical guidance, medications such as hydrotalcite chewable tablets, digestive health oral solution, or bifidobacterium triple viable capsules may be used to relieve symptoms.

5. Fungal infection: Changes in immunity during pregnancy may lead to oral candidiasis (yeast infection), causing black patches on the tongue, accompanied by oral mucosal itching or a foreign body sensation. Under medical supervision, patients may use antifungal treatments such as nystatin tablets, sodium bicarbonate solution, or clotrimazole oral membranes to alleviate symptoms.

During pregnancy, it is important to maintain a light and easily digestible diet, consume plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, stay well-hydrated, brush teeth thoroughly every morning and night, undergo regular dental checkups, maintain a positive mood, and engage in moderate walking to promote gastrointestinal motility and overall comfort.