What causes coughing when smoking too much?

Coughing after excessive smoking may be caused by smoke irritation of the respiratory tract, dryness of the respiratory mucosa, chronic bronchitis, chronic pharyngitis, bronchiectasis, and other conditions. Symptoms can be improved through quitting smoking, staying hydrated, and medical treatment. If coughing worsens or is accompanied by sputum production or chest tightness, prompt medical attention is necessary.

1. Smoke irritation of the respiratory tract: Harmful substances in tobacco smoke irritate the respiratory mucosa, causing congestion and swelling, which reflexively triggers coughing. It is recommended to quit smoking immediately, avoid secondhand smoke, reduce ongoing smoke exposure, and avoid contact with other irritants such as dust and cooking fumes during episodes of coughing.

2. Dryness of the respiratory mucosa: Long-term smoking reduces secretion in the respiratory mucosa, leading to dryness and increased sensitivity, making it more prone to irritation and coughing. It is recommended to drink 1500–2000 mL of warm water daily to keep the respiratory tract moistened. Honey water may also be consumed appropriately to soothe the throat.

3. Chronic bronchitis: Prolonged smoking damages the airway mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation. This inflammatory stimulation causes persistent coughing, often accompanied by sputum production and wheezing. Under a doctor’s guidance, patients may use medications such as aminophylline tablets, ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution, and cefixime dispersible tablets to alleviate symptoms.

4. Chronic pharyngitis: Long-term exposure to harmful components in tobacco irritates the mucosa of the throat, resulting in chronic inflammation. This leads to dryness, itching, and discomfort in the throat, triggering irritating coughs along with a sensation of a foreign body in the throat. It is advisable to use medications such as watermelon frost lozenges, Qinghou Liyan granules, or amoxicillin capsules under medical supervision to relieve symptoms.

5. Bronchiectasis: Long-term smoking damages bronchial structure, leading to accumulation of secretions and recurrent infections, resulting in chronic cough with large amounts of purulent sputum. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as levofloxacin capsules, acetylcysteine effervescent tablets, and budesonide suspension to manage symptoms.

Maintain indoor ventilation and fresh air, eat a light diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, avoid spicy and greasy foods, maintain regular sleep patterns and avoid staying up late, and engage in moderate exercise to strengthen physical health and reduce the risk of respiratory infections.