What are the harms of smoking among minors?

Smoking during adolescence can cause damage to the respiratory system, cardiovascular abnormalities, impaired nervous system development, adverse effects on reproductive function, and reduced immunity, posing serious threats to physical and mental health. If symptoms such as persistent coughing, chest tightness, or dizziness occur, prompt medical evaluation is necessary.

1. Respiratory System Damage: Tobacco smoke irritates the mucous membranes of the airways, leading to chronic pharyngitis, bronchitis, and reduced lung function. This increases the risk of developing lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) later in life and interferes with normal respiratory development.

2. Cardiovascular System Abnormalities: Nicotine causes blood vessel constriction and elevated blood pressure, increasing cardiac workload and potentially triggering arrhythmias. Long-term exposure can damage vascular endothelium, raising the likelihood of developing hypertension and coronary heart disease in adulthood.

3. Impaired Nervous System Development: The adolescent brain is not yet fully developed. Nicotine disrupts neurotransmitter secretion, negatively affecting memory, attention, and cognitive abilities, resulting in decreased academic performance and potentially causing permanent neurological damage.

4. Effects on Reproductive System Function: In males, smoking reduces sperm count and motility; in females, it impairs ovarian function and increases the risk of menstrual disorders. Long-term smoking may also lead to reduced fertility in adulthood.

5. Weakened Immunity: Harmful substances in tobacco suppress the activity of immune cells, lowering adolescents' resistance to infections. This makes them more susceptible to illnesses such as influenza and pneumonia, prolongs recovery time when sick, and negatively impacts overall health.

To protect health, individuals should avoid environments where tobacco is present, maintain regular sleep patterns, engage in moderate exercise, consume plenty of vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables, drink adequate water to support metabolism, and practice good oral hygiene. Adopting a healthy lifestyle helps improve physical well-being and mitigate the long-term consequences of smoking.