What are the side effects of intravenous human albumin?
Side effects of human albumin infusion may include allergic reactions, cardiovascular abnormalities, gastrointestinal discomfort, hematological system effects, and fluctuations in kidney function. If severe discomfort occurs during or after the infusion, medical staff should be informed immediately and prompt medical attention is required.
1. Allergic reactions: These may manifest as rash, itching, or redness; in severe cases, symptoms such as difficulty breathing and laryngeal edema may occur. These reactions are typically due to an immune response to albumin components, so close monitoring is essential during the initial phase of infusion.
2. Cardiovascular abnormalities: These may include elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, and chest tightness. Excessive infusion can lead to a sudden increase in blood volume, placing extra strain on the heart—particularly risky for individuals with impaired cardiac function.
3. Gastrointestinal discomfort: Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or bloating, often related to too rapid infusion or individual intolerance. Symptoms may improve once the infusion rate is adjusted.
4. Hematological effects: Infusion may increase blood viscosity and cause mild coagulation abnormalities. Regular monitoring of complete blood count and coagulation parameters is recommended for patients receiving long-term or high-volume infusions.
5. Renal function fluctuations: A minority of patients may experience reduced urine output or mild elevation in kidney function markers. Patients with pre-existing renal impairment should closely monitor urination and kidney function test results after infusion.
Infusion must strictly follow medical instructions regarding rate and dosage. After infusion, patients should rest, avoid strenuous activity, drink adequate fluids, and maintain a light, easily digestible diet avoiding spicy or irritating foods. Close self-monitoring and proper basic care are important to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
