What does ESBLs positive mean?

ESBLs positive generally refers to bacteria producing an enzyme called extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). A detailed explanation is as follows:

ESBLs positive indicates that bacteria in the body produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, an enzyme capable of breaking down the structures of commonly used antibiotics such as cephalosporins and penicillins, thereby rendering these bacteria resistant to such drugs. This condition often arises from inappropriate antibiotic use, such as arbitrarily increasing or decreasing dosages or failing to complete prescribed courses, which pressures bacteria to adapt through genetic mutations and develop resistance enzymes. Individuals with weakened immune systems, those hospitalized for long periods, or those receiving invasive treatments are at higher risk of exposure to drug-resistant bacteria and may also test positive for ESBLs. This result suggests that conventional beta-lactam antibiotics should be avoided during infection treatment.

In daily life, antibiotics must be used strictly according to medical instructions—self-medicating or altering treatment regimens without guidance is not recommended. Maintain good personal hygiene by washing hands frequently, especially before meals and after using the restroom, and avoid contact with contaminated environments to reduce infection risks. Diet-wise, consume adequate high-quality proteins, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Maintain regular sleep patterns and engage in moderate exercise to strengthen the immune system. If signs of infection occur, seek medical attention promptly and use antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide appropriate drug selection. During treatment, implement proper isolation and protective measures to prevent spreading resistant bacteria to family members or others, ensuring thorough treatment and minimizing the chance of recurrence.