What causes sore throat and bad breath?

Sore throat and bad breath may be caused by dietary irritation, inadequate oral hygiene, acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, or periodontitis. These issues can be improved through dietary adjustments, enhanced oral care, and medication. If symptoms persist or worsen, or are accompanied by fever or difficulty swallowing, prompt medical attention is necessary.

1. Dietary Irritation: Long-term consumption of spicy, hot foods or alcohol can irritate the mucous membranes of the throat and mouth, causing inflammation and pain. Food residues may ferment and lead to bad breath. It is recommended to eat a bland diet rich in fruits and vegetables, avoiding spicy, hot foods and alcohol to reduce mucosal irritation.

2. Inadequate Oral Hygiene: Incomplete brushing allows food debris to accumulate in tooth gaps and on the tongue coating. Bacterial breakdown of these residues causes bad breath and may also irritate the throat lining, leading to mild pain. It is advised to brush teeth twice daily, use dental floss to clean between teeth, rinse after meals, and regularly clean the tongue surface.

3. Acute Pharyngitis: Viral or bacterial infection of the pharyngeal mucosa leads to acute inflammation, resulting in sore throat, discomfort during swallowing, and increased inflammatory secretions that contribute to bad breath. Under medical guidance, medications such as Pudilan Anti-inflammatory Oral Liquid, Amoxicillin Capsules, or Xiguashuang Throat Lozenges may be used to relieve symptoms.

4. Tonsillitis: Infection of the tonsils by pathogens causes inflammation, leading to redness, swelling, and pain in the tonsils. Secretions and bacterial overgrowth result in bad breath, often accompanied by painful swallowing. Patients may, under medical supervision, use medications like Cefixime Dispersible Tablets, Lanqin Oral Liquid, or Compound Chlorhexidine Mouthwash to alleviate discomfort.

5. Periodontitis: Dental plaque and tartar irritate periodontal tissues, causing inflammation, swollen and bleeding gums. Bacterial metabolism produces foul odors leading to bad breath, and the inflammation may spread and cause referred pain in the throat. Under a doctor’s guidance, patients may use Metronidazole Buccal Tablets, Doxycycline Hydrochloride Capsules, or hydrogen peroxide solution to improve symptoms.

Daily care should focus on keeping the mouth and throat moist—drink plenty of warm water, maintain regular sleep patterns and avoid staying up late, minimize excessive voice use, choose mild and easily digestible foods, and undergo regular dental check-ups to support overall oral and throat health.