Does your abdomen swell during menstruation?

Generally, abdominal distension may occur during menstruation. The underlying mechanisms are detailed below:

During menstruation, fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels cause mild congestion and edema in pelvic and abdominal organs, leading to abdominal distension. The uterus undergoes rhythmic contractions, which slow intestinal motility; as a result, intestinal gas and metabolic waste products cannot be expelled promptly and accumulate within the peritoneal cavity. Additionally, some individuals experience water and sodium retention during their menstrual period—excess fluid fails to be metabolized normally and accumulates in the soft tissues of the abdomen, further exacerbating abdominal distension. Once menstruation ends and hormone levels return to baseline, these symptoms gradually resolve spontaneously.

To alleviate abdominal distension during menstruation, maintain abdominal warmth to prevent cold exposure, which may worsen gastrointestinal bloating and pelvic congestion. Opt for warm, light meals in daily diet and limit intake of gas-producing foods such as legumes and sweets. Engage in gentle physical activity, such as walking, to enhance intestinal motility and overall metabolism, thereby facilitating the expulsion of accumulated intra-abdominal gas and effectively relieving abdominal distension while easing general menstrual discomfort.