What are the symptoms of preeclampsia?

　　In general, common symptoms of preeclampsia include elevated blood pressure, peripheral edema (swelling), proteinuria, dizziness or headache, and blurred vision. If any discomfort arises during pregnancy, it is advisable to seek prompt medical evaluation and treatment at a reputable hospital. A detailed analysis follows:

　　1. Elevated Blood Pressure

　　Hypertension is a hallmark feature of preeclampsia. During pregnancy, abnormal regulation of systemic vasculature leads to sustained constriction and spasm of small blood vessels throughout the body, increasing peripheral vascular resistance. Consequently, blood pressure rises above the normal range for pregnancy. Chronically elevated blood pressure places additional strain on vital organs.

　　2. Peripheral Edema

　　Edema commonly affects the lower extremities and hands. Vascular spasm impairs normal water and sodium metabolism, hindering adequate excretion of fluid. As a result, excess fluid accumulates in the interstitial spaces of soft tissues, causing swelling that does not resolve spontaneously with rest.

　　3. Proteinuria

　　Proteinuria is a key indicator of renal injury. Systemic vascular spasm damages the microvasculature of the kidneys, impairing glomerular filtration function. This allows plasma proteins to leak through injured glomeruli into the urine, resulting in abnormally elevated urinary protein levels.

　　4. Dizziness and Headache

　　Persistent dizziness and headache typically occur bilaterally or diffusely across the head. Cerebral vasospasm reduces cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, placing brain tissue in a state of ischemia and hypoxia. This stimulates cranial nerve structures, producing sensations of pressure, fullness, or dull pain in the head.

　　5. Blurred Vision

　　Blurred vision manifests as decreased visual acuity or transient visual disturbances (e.g., shimmering lights or “floaters”). Ocular microvascular spasm disrupts retinal blood supply, leading to transient retinal edema. This compromises normal image formation and results in temporary visual impairment; some individuals may also experience ocular soreness or pressure.

　　Additionally, preeclampsia may present with upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Pregnant individuals should undergo routine antenatal check-ups to monitor relevant parameters, maintain regular sleep-wake cycles, promptly identify any physiological abnormalities, and mitigate risks associated with disease progression.