What Should I Do for Swollen and Painful Gums?

Gum swelling and pain may result from factors such as inadequate sleep, consumption of spicy or irritating foods, gingivitis, periodontitis, or periapical inflammation. Symptoms can be alleviated through lifestyle adjustments, local oral care, and standardized medication use. However, if swelling and pain progressively worsen and are accompanied by pus formation, prompt medical consultation is essential.

1. Inadequate Sleep and Irregular作息: Prolonged sleep deprivation weakens overall immunity, thereby reducing local oral resistance and predisposing individuals to gum fullness and dull pain. It is recommended to ensure sufficient daily sleep, maintain a balanced work–rest schedule, and minimize late-night activities.

2. Consumption of Spicy or Irritating Foods: Frequent intake of spicy, heat-inducing foods continuously irritates the gingival soft tissues, leading to gingival hyperemia, swelling, and pain. It is advisable to reduce consumption of such foods, drink warm water regularly, and opt for mild, bland diets.

3. Gingivitis: Persistent irritation from dental plaque and calculus triggers gingival hyperemia and edema; bleeding upon brushing is commonly observed. Under physician guidance, topical or systemic treatments—including hydrogen peroxide solution, compound chlorhexidine mouthwash, and amoxicillin capsules—may be used to alleviate symptoms.

4. Periodontitis: Chronic bacterial infection of the periodontal tissues causes recurrent gingival redness, swelling, and pain, often accompanied by slight tooth mobility. Under medical supervision, medications such as tinidazole tablets, iodine glycerin, and cefixime dispersible tablets may help relieve discomfort.

5. Periapical Periodontitis: Inflammatory response originating at the tooth root spreads outward to involve the surrounding gingiva, resulting in localized gingival swelling, tenderness, and exacerbated pain during occlusion (biting). As prescribed by a physician, ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, metronidazole tablets, and roxithromycin tablets may be used to improve symptoms.

Routine oral hygiene—including regular toothbrushing, proper use of dental floss to remove interdental debris, and avoidance of hard or irritating foods—is essential to maintain healthy gums and periodontal tissues.