What medications are effective for rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is typically managed with medications prescribed by a physician, such as methotrexate tablets, leflunomide tablets, sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablets, hydroxychloroquine tablets, and iguratimod tablets. Each drug has distinct mechanisms of action and indications, and selection must be individualized based on disease severity, baseline health status, and other clinical factors. Self-medication is strictly discouraged; patients experiencing relevant symptoms should seek prompt medical evaluation.

1. Methotrexate tablets: A commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for RA, methotrexate suppresses aberrant immune responses and slows the progression of joint and bone destruction. It serves as a cornerstone for long-term RA management. During treatment, regular monitoring of relevant laboratory parameters is required, and patients should remain vigilant for any adverse effects.

2. Leflunomide tablets: This agent modulates immune function and inhibits persistent inflammation, thereby delaying joint damage associated with RA. It is particularly suitable for patients with active RA. Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort after initiation; therefore, routine follow-up examinations are essential. Patients with impaired hepatic or renal function should use leflunomide with particular caution.

3. Sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablets: These reduce local joint inflammation and alleviate swelling and pain, helping to slow disease progression. They are frequently employed for RA disease control. Patients should maintain adequate hydration during therapy and monitor for changes in skin or gastrointestinal symptoms. Adherence to scheduled medical examinations—as directed by the physician—is mandatory.

4. Hydroxychloroquine tablets: With immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, hydroxychloroquine is often used in combination therapy for RA and is especially appropriate for patients with milder disease activity. Ocular monitoring is critical during treatment; long-term users must undergo regular ophthalmologic screening per established guidelines, and any visual abnormalities should be reported immediately to the treating physician.

5. Iguratimod tablets: Exhibiting dual anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, iguratimod alleviates joint swelling and pain while inhibiting bone destruction. It is indicated for active RA. During treatment, hematologic and hepatic function parameters require close monitoring; patients should also watch for cutaneous or gastrointestinal adverse reactions and strictly adhere to the prescribed dosing regimen.

In daily life, patients should protect joints from cold and damp environments, maintain joint warmth, perform gentle joint-stretching exercises regularly, avoid excessive weight-bearing or physical strain, maintain consistent sleep-wake cycles, and ensure balanced nutritional intake. These lifestyle measures support joint health and help minimize recurrent symptoms.