What Causes Bleeding Gums?

Teeth bleeding may result from excessive brushing force, vitamin deficiency in the diet, gingivitis, periodontitis, or gingival papillitis. It can be improved by adjusting brushing techniques, maintaining a balanced diet, and using targeted medications. However, if gum bleeding recurs frequently, prompt medical consultation is essential.

1. Excessive brushing force: Brushing too vigorously causes the bristles of the toothbrush to directly abrade and injure the soft gum tissue. This mechanical irritation can rupture capillaries in the gums, leading to minor bleeding. It is recommended to use a soft-bristled toothbrush, control brushing pressure, and adopt a gentle brushing technique.

2. Vitamin deficiency in the diet: Inadequate dietary intake of vitamins impairs the gum tissue’s capacity for repair and increases capillary fragility, making even light contact likely to cause bleeding. Adjusting one’s diet—such as consuming more fresh fruits and vegetables—can help replenish essential nutrients.

3. Gingivitis: Accumulation of dental plaque irritates the gums, triggering inflammatory hyperemia of gingival tissue and increased capillary permeability. Bleeding often occurs during brushing or eating and may be accompanied by redness and swelling of the gums. Under medical guidance, patients may use medications such as compound chlorhexidine mouthwash, metronidazole tablets, or amoxicillin capsules to alleviate symptoms.

4. Periodontitis: Chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues arises from prolonged bacterial plaque stimulation, resulting in mild alveolar bone resorption. Patients commonly experience recurrent gum bleeding, along with gingival recession and tooth mobility. Under physician supervision, medications such as minocycline hydrochloride ointment, tinidazole tablets, or roxithromycin capsules may be used to relieve discomfort.

5. Gingival papillitis: Food impaction between teeth irritates adjacent gingival papillae, causing localized inflammation. The inflamed papillae become congested and swollen; contact or pressure induces bleeding and localized discomfort or pain. As directed by a healthcare provider, patients may use medications such as iodine glycerin, ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, or cefuroxime axetil tablets to improve symptoms.

For daily oral care, brush teeth thoroughly both morning and night, rinse the mouth promptly after meals, remove food debris lodged between teeth, and schedule regular professional dental cleanings to maintain healthy gums and periodontal tissues.