Which populations should receive the BCG vaccine?

Individuals who require Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination include newborns, children with negative tuberculin skin test (TST) results, susceptible individuals with close contact to tuberculosis (TB) patients, immunocompromised children, and individuals living in high-risk environments. If persistent high fever or severe local ulceration occurs after vaccination, prompt medical evaluation and treatment are recommended.

1. Newborns: Healthy, full-term newborns should receive BCG vaccination shortly after birth. Preterm infants must reach the appropriate weight threshold before receiving catch-up vaccination. Newborns born with underlying illnesses should be vaccinated once their clinical condition has stabilized.

2. Children with Negative Tuberculin Skin Test Results: A negative TST result indicates absence of protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Such children are at increased risk of TB infection upon exposure; therefore, they should receive BCG vaccination if eligible.

3. Susceptible Individuals with Close Contact to TB Patients: Children who live long-term with individuals diagnosed with active TB face elevated infection risk. After excluding contraindications to BCG vaccination, healthcare providers may assess whether BCG vaccination is appropriate to enhance immune protection.

4. Immunocompromised Children: Children with weakened immune function have reduced capacity to resist Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Provided no contraindications exist, BCG vaccination can significantly lower their risk of developing severe TB disease.

5. Individuals Living in High-Risk Environments: Children residing in crowded settings or areas with high TB incidence face greater exposure risk. Following professional assessment confirming absence of contraindications, BCG vaccination may be administered.

After vaccination, keep the injection site clean and dry; avoid scratching, rubbing, or massaging the area. Maintain regular sleep patterns, ensure balanced nutrition, monitor for any changes in physical condition, and seek timely professional medical assistance if abnormalities arise.