What should I do about bacterial vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis can be improved through daily genital hygiene, physical supportive therapies, topical medications, oral medications, and follow-up interventions—including consolidation and re-examination. Proper management helps restore vaginal microbial balance and reduces abnormal discharge. If persistent lower abdominal pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, or other concerning symptoms occur, prompt medical evaluation and treatment are recommended.

1. Daily Genital Hygiene:

Maintain external genital dryness and cleanliness; wear 100% cotton underwear and change and wash them daily. Avoid douching or irrigating the vaginal canal, minimize use of irritating cleansers or personal care products, maintain regular sleep patterns to enhance immune function, and thereby suppress the proliferation of harmful bacteria.

2. Physical Supportive Therapies:

Use gentle external genital cleansing to improve local moisture control and help stabilize the vaginal pH environment. All hygiene procedures should be limited to the external genitalia—never insert anything into the vaginal canal—to avoid disrupting the natural microbial balance.

3. Topical Medications:

Insert antimicrobial agents directly into the vagina to target pathogens at the site of infection, eliminate causative bacteria, and support restoration of normal vaginal flora. Avoid using these medications during menstruation and abstain from sexual intercourse while undergoing treatment. Complete the full prescribed course before discontinuing use.

4. Oral Medications:

Oral antibiotics may be prescribed for severe or recurrent infections to suppress systemic pathogenic bacteria and alleviate symptoms such as itching and malodor. Strictly adhere to your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding dosage and duration—do not discontinue treatment prematurely, as incomplete therapy may lead to bacterial persistence and recurrence.

5. Consolidation and Follow-up Interventions:

After completing treatment, schedule a timely follow-up visit to undergo vaginal discharge (leukorrhea) testing and assess recovery of the vaginal microbiota. If test results remain abnormal, further adjustments to the treatment plan are necessary. Individuals with recurrent episodes require extended monitoring to reduce the risk of reinfection.

Additionally, practice proper external genital hygiene before and after sexual intercourse; frequently change sanitary products during menstruation; limit intake of spicy and irritating foods; and engage in regular, moderate physical activity—all to help maintain a stable vaginal microecological environment.