How much water should patients with gallstones drink daily?

Patients with gallstones are advised to maintain a daily fluid intake of 1,500–2,000 mL. Adequate hydration helps dilute bile, reduce biliary stasis, and slow the growth of existing stones. Fluid intake may be slightly adjusted according to season and physical activity level; however, patients with heart failure or kidney disease must strictly control their fluid intake. Seek immediate medical attention if severe abdominal pain or fever occurs.

Hydration promotes bile circulation, lowers cholesterol saturation in bile, and reduces continuous crystallization—thereby playing an adjunctive role in controlling cholesterol-based gallstones. Fluid intake should be evenly distributed throughout the day; avoid consuming large volumes at once. Plain boiled water is preferred; limit intake of sugary beverages and strong tea to avoid overburdening hepatic and biliary metabolism.

For patients with large stones or recurrent biliary colic, drinking water alone cannot eliminate the stones. In cases of recurrent gallstones, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is recommended to remove the source of disease. When inflammation is present, anti-inflammatory medications should be administered concurrently to control infection, relieve pain, and prevent disease progression.

Maintain regular, portion-controlled meals; adhere to a low-fat diet; minimize consumption of fatty meats and organ meats; and engage in consistent physical activity to promote normal bile emptying and reduce the likelihood of further stone enlargement.