What Is Hemifacial Spasm?
Aug 12, 2021
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zong Qiang
Introduction
Hemifacial spasm refers to recurrent, involuntary twitching of the facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve, typically affecting one side of the face—hence the alternative name “hemifacial spasm.” Bilateral involvement is rare. Initially, the condition manifests as involuntary twitching beginning in the lower eyelid on one side, lasting from several seconds to several minutes; during interictal periods, patients appear entirely normal. As the disease progresses, the spasms may spread to involve the entire ipsilateral half of the face, and even the platysma muscle may become involved, causing head tremor.
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) refers to recurrent, involuntary twitching of the facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve, typically affecting one side of the face—hence its alternative name, “hemifacial spasm.” Bilateral involvement is rare.
Initially, the condition manifests as involuntary twitching beginning in the lower eyelid on one side, lasting from several seconds to several minutes; intervals between episodes are symptom-free. As the disease progresses, spasms may spread to involve the entire ipsilateral half of the face, and even extend to the platysma muscle, causing head tremor.
Spasms are often triggered or exacerbated by emotional stress or speaking. In severe cases, continuous, uninterrupted spasms occur, significantly impairing social interaction and cosmetic appearance. Visual function may also be compromised, thereby hindering daily activities such as work, study, reading, and driving.
HFS most commonly develops after middle age; onset before age 30 is uncommon, females are slightly more affected than males, and pediatric cases are exceedingly rare.
