Side Effects of Ovulation-Inducing Injections

Ovulation-inducing injections are primarily used for infertile patients with anovulation. Commonly used agents include human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which stimulate follicular maturation and trigger ovulation. Under normal physiological conditions, women can conceive naturally; however, many women experience abnormalities that prevent natural conception. In such cases, ovulation-inducing injections may be required. So, what are the side effects of these injections? Below, we address this question.

Side Effects of Ovulation-Inducing Injections

1. Premature Onset of Menopause

The number of ovarian follicles in women is finite. Long-term use of ovulation-inducing injections accelerates follicular maturation, thereby hastening the depletion of the approximately 40,000 primordial follicles stored during puberty. Once follicular reserves are exhausted, estrogen production ceases, leading to premature menopause.

2. Increased Risk of Pregnancy Complications

Ovulation-inducing injections significantly increase the likelihood of multiple gestations, which in turn elevates risks for pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm delivery, and miscarriage. During pregnancy, the mother’s heart, liver, and kidneys may become overburdened. Delivery carries increased risks of postpartum hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), cardiac failure, and even shock.

3. Systemic Adverse Reactions

Common adverse reactions to ovulation-inducing injections include abdominal distension, abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, increased appetite, and weight gain. Additional possible symptoms include heavier menstrual bleeding and irregular vaginal bleeding. Severe reactions may involve dyspnea or shock. Patients experiencing persistent symptoms should promptly consult a physician for evaluation and management.

4. Increased Risk of Neoplasms

Frequent administration of ovulation-inducing injections may result in chronically elevated estrogen levels, potentially triggering ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). This condition may cause endocrine disturbances, electrolyte imbalances, pelvic fluid accumulation, and even thrombosis. Furthermore, long-term use may elevate the risk of developing breast tumors, ovarian cysts, or ovarian malignancies.

The above outlines the potential side effects associated with ovulation-inducing injections. We hope this information proves helpful to you.