What is ectopic sebaceous glands?

The sebaceous gland is a normal exocrine gland present in the human body. In most cases, its ducts open into hair follicles beneath the skin, allowing sebum secreted by the gland to be expelled externally along with sweat. However, in sebaceous gland ectopia, the sebaceous glands located subcutaneously open directly onto the surface of normal skin instead—a physiological variant characterized by hyperplastic changes.

This condition commonly affects the mucosal surfaces of the lips and genitalia, presenting as yellowish-white, flat, slightly elevated papules on the skin. Most lesions are asymptomatic—neither painful nor pruritic—but palpation reveals discrete, raised nodules that may compromise cosmetic appearance. Treatment options include cryotherapy or electrocautery, both of which can achieve complete resolution. However, if the lesions remain asymptomatic, treatment is generally not recommended to avoid potential scarring.