Causes of Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding
In women with regular menstrual cycles, the typical cycle length is 28–30 days; however, variations of up to 3–4 days earlier or later are considered normal. For most women, menstruation lasts 3–7 days, and menstrual flow remains within normal limits. Nevertheless, various factors may cause abnormally heavy bleeding (menorrhagia) or prolonged menstrual periods (menometrorrhagia), collectively referred to as “prolonged or irregular uterine bleeding” (also known as “menstrual spotting” or “menstrual dribbling”). Below, we address the underlying causes of this condition.
Causes of Prolonged or Irregular Uterine Bleeding
1. Hormonal Imbalance
Prolonged or irregular uterine bleeding may result from endocrine dysfunction. Specifically, luteal phase deficiency leads to reduced progesterone secretion, causing prolonged menstrual duration, scanty flow, and dark-colored menstrual blood. Attention should be paid to regulating endocrine function and supporting ovarian health.
2. Medication Effects
Certain medications may induce prolonged or irregular uterine bleeding as a side effect. Women should avoid self-medicating. Long-term use of oral contraceptives may lead to such bleeding by disrupting hormonal balance. Similarly, prolonged administration of hormonal agents can cause endocrine dysregulation, resulting in menstrual disorders.
3. Gynecological Disorders
Gynecological conditions—such as vaginitis and uterine polyps—are common among women and may disrupt normal menstrual patterns, often accompanied by increased vaginal discharge. Women experiencing prolonged or irregular uterine bleeding should identify and actively treat the underlying gynecological condition to resolve the issue at its root.
4. Systemic Diseases
Certain systemic diseases—including aplastic anemia, various types of leukemia, coagulation factor deficiencies, thrombocytopenia due to diverse etiologies (leading to generalized coagulopathy), hepatic dysfunction, and hyper- or hypothyroidism—may also manifest as prolonged menstrual periods and persistent, irregular uterine bleeding.
The above outlines the primary causes of prolonged or irregular uterine bleeding. We hope this information proves helpful.
