How is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated?

“CML” is the abbreviated term for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Leukemias are broadly classified into two major types—acute and chronic—based on the speed of disease onset. Chronic leukemias primarily include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). So, how is CML treated? Let’s explore this together.

How Is CML Treated?

In CML, the bone marrow shows predominant proliferation of relatively mature myelocytes and metamyelocytes, accompanied by increased numbers of eosinophils and basophils. In early stages, platelet counts may be elevated; however, in advanced stages, platelet counts often progressively decline. Patients may develop hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, and some may even present with massive splenomegaly.

Initial treatment for CML focuses on reducing elevated white blood cell counts, using chemotherapeutic agents such as hydroxyurea or busulfan. In recent years, imatinib (Gleevec®) has demonstrated excellent efficacy in slowing disease progression. CML is clinically divided into a chronic phase and an accelerated or blast crisis phase. The chronic phase typically lasts approximately 3–5 years; many patients progress to the blast crisis phase within 5–10 years. Once CML transforms into blast crisis, treatment must follow protocols used for acute leukemia. However, outcomes are generally poorer than those for de novo acute leukemia. For eligible patients, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the potential for cure—though it carries high associated costs.

During chemotherapy, patients should consume light, easily digestible foods and avoid greasy, heavy, or highly seasoned meals. Increased intake of vegetables and fruits is recommended. During remission, nutritional support should be enhanced, with emphasis on high-quality protein sources such as fish, lean meat, and eggs.

We hope the above information is helpful to you.