What are the risks associated with high ferritin levels?

We know that elevated ferritin levels result from increased synthesis of ferritin within hepatocytes. Serum ferritin elevation is primarily caused by either increased ferritin production or impaired clearance—conditions often associated with malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and leukemia. So, what dangers does elevated ferritin pose? Below, we address this question.

What Risks Are Associated with Elevated Ferritin?

Generally, increased ferritin synthesis by cancer cells leads to elevated serum ferritin levels. In liver disease, damage to hepatocytes causes ferritin stored in the cytoplasm of these cells to leak into the bloodstream. Excess ferritin can lead to hemosiderosis—a condition in which iron deposits accumulate in various organs, including the liver, eyes, and lungs—potentially causing a range of diseases.

Iron deposition in the heart may also cause myocardial cell injury. Therefore, iron-chelation therapy is essential in such cases. This therapy primarily includes phlebotomy (therapeutic bloodletting), dietary modifications, and intravenous administration of deferoxamine—a chelating agent commonly used today.

Does Low Ferritin Indicate Cancer?

Low ferritin levels do not necessarily indicate cancer. Numerous factors—not only malignancy—can cause decreased ferritin. For example, poor dietary habits, inadequate dietary iron intake, and chronic diarrhea may all contribute to low ferritin levels. Additionally, conditions such as iron-deficiency anemia, colonic polyps, and hemorrhoids can also lead to reduced ferritin.

Moreover, women experiencing menorrhagia (excessively heavy menstrual bleeding) are also prone to low ferritin levels. Ultimately, persistently low ferritin may progress to iron-deficiency anemia. Thus, individuals with low ferritin should undergo complete blood count (CBC) testing to assess for decreased hemoglobin levels and receive prompt, appropriate treatment.

We hope the above information is helpful to you.