甲类传染病有几种

Class A infectious diseases are highly contagious and subject to mandatory national control. Upon detection of any such disease, reporting must be completed within two hours, and concealment is strictly prohibited. So, how many Class A infectious diseases are there? Let’s take a closer look.

How Many Class A Infectious Diseases Are There?

1. Plague

Plague is an acute, highly virulent zoonotic infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is characterized by rapid transmission and high fatality rates, posing a severe threat to human health. Plague can be transmitted via multiple routes; its pathogenicity is attributed to the bacterial capsule, various virulence antigens, endotoxins, toxic enzymes (e.g., hyaluronidase and fibrinolysin), among others. Based on transmission patterns, plague is categorized into: (a) sylvatic (rodent-to-rodent) plague—typically occurring prior to human outbreaks—and (b) human plague. Human infection occurs primarily through bites from infected fleas, but may also result from handling infected animals (with entry via broken skin) or inhalation of aerosols containing the bacteria. Clinical manifestations include fever and/or severe septicemia; if untreated, the disease can rapidly become life-threatening.

2. Cholera

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Incidence peaks during hot summer months. Affected individuals often experience an inability to retain food or fluids—resulting in persistent vomiting—and pass characteristic “rice-water” stools.

The above outlines the two Class A infectious diseases recognized in China. Article 39 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases stipulates that upon identifying a Class A infectious disease, medical institutions must promptly implement the following measures: (1) isolate and treat confirmed patients and pathogen carriers, with isolation duration determined based on medical evaluation; (2) isolate and treat suspected cases separately at designated facilities pending confirmation; and (3) conduct medical observation and apply other necessary preventive measures for close contacts of patients, pathogen carriers, and suspected cases within healthcare settings. We hope this information is helpful to you.