What Causes Rhabdomyolysis?

After intense physical activity, muscles may become uncomfortable, and conditions such as rhabdomyolysis and muscle soreness may occur. What causes rhabdomyolysis?

What Causes Rhabdomyolysis?

Rhabdomyolysis may result from factors including strenuous exercise, metabolic disorders, compromised immune function, infections, crush injuries to skeletal muscle, chronic sleep deprivation, and others. A definitive diagnosis requires further evaluation at a hospital by a qualified physician, followed by active collaboration with the healthcare provider for appropriate treatment.

Under normal circumstances, the clinical manifestations of rhabdomyolysis typically include acute muscle pain, muscle cramps, and muscle edema. On palpation, affected muscles may feel “fluid-filled.” Systemic symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and dark, cola-colored urine. Severe muscle pain and rhabdomyolysis are characterized by markedly elevated serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity—often exceeding ten times the upper limit of normal—as well as increased serum myoglobin concentration. Acute kidney injury develops in approximately one-third of cases, potentially progressing to renal failure. Early complications frequently include hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and sepsis. Notably, hypercalcemia tends to occur later in the disease course and may serve as a distinguishing feature in certain cases—this constellation of findings constitutes the clinical syndrome of rhabdomyolysis.

In terms of treatment, patients should avoid strenuous physical activity and refrain from self-medicating. Under a physician’s guidance, broad-spectrum antibiotics may be prescribed to effectively combat infection. Adequate rest is also essential. We hope this information proves helpful to you.