What is the purpose of oral folic acid supplementation in pregnant women?

Oral folic acid supplementation during pregnancy serves several important purposes: preventing anemia, reducing the risk of congenital malformations in the baby, preventing neural tube defects (NTDs), and promoting placental growth. Specifically:

1. Prevention of Anemia

Oral folic acid supplementation increases the production of normal red blood cells. Many women experience a higher risk of anemia during pregnancy, often due to inadequate folic acid intake; therefore, timely folic acid supplementation is crucial.

2. Prevention of Congenital Malformations in the Baby

Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy helps reduce the incidence of birth defects, including congenital heart disease and other fetal abnormalities.

3. Prevention of Neural Tube Defects

Consistent and appropriate oral folic acid supplementation during the three months prior to conception significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the baby. NTDs are among the most common types of congenital malformations in newborns; thus, preventive measures are critically important.

4. Promotion of Placental Growth

Folic acid supplementation supports placental development by influencing fundamental cellular structures and DNA synthesis. Therefore, ensuring adequate folic acid intake throughout pregnancy is essential for both fetal and placental growth.