Main Measures for Preventing Genetic Disorders

Many genetic disorders are inherited from parents. However, under certain conditions, disease-causing mutations may also occur in the gametes (sperm or egg cells) of parents or in the zygote itself—these *de novo* (new) mutations constitute the origin of newly arising genetic disorders not previously present in the family. Most genetic disease–causing genes are passed down across generations, posing significant harm to human society. What, then, are the primary measures for preventing genetic disorders?

Primary Preventive Measures for Genetic Disorders

Individuals with severe hereditary diseases—such as schizophrenia or severe intellectual disability—must be prohibited from marrying. Consanguineous marriage should be avoided to reduce the risk of offspring inheriting autosomal recessive disorders. Pre-marital health examinations are a crucial component of eugenics; if genetic abnormalities are detected, pregnancy should be terminated as early as possible. Emphasis must also be placed on reproductive health care, avoiding exposure to teratogenic or mutagenic agents throughout the entire period—from preconception planning through pregnancy.

Prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis is a vital method for preventing genetic disorders. It involves screening pregnant women at risk of having a child with a specific genetic disorder to assess whether the fetus is likely affected. Several techniques are available, including ultrasound examination, amniocentesis, fetoscopy, and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). When abnormalities are identified, termination of pregnancy should be considered promptly to achieve the goals of eugenics and healthy childbirth.

Not all genetic disorders manifest at birth; therefore, early detection and early intervention are essential. We hope this response has been helpful to you!