What Causes Hand Cracks in Winter?

During winter, the cold, dry weather can accelerate moisture loss from exposed hands, leading to chapped or cracked skin. So, what causes hand fissures in winter?

What Causes Hand Fissures in Winter?

The primary cause of hand fissures in winter is the cold, dry climate, which reduces the secretory activity of sebaceous and sweat glands. Consequently, transepidermal water loss increases in exposed areas of the skin. Under conditions of dryness, reduced sebum production, and insufficient hydration, the skin’s natural barrier function weakens, rendering it more susceptible to external irritants—resulting in desquamation (peeling), fissuring, bleeding, and pain.

Frequent use of alkaline soaps or hand sanitizers, dishwashing detergents, or contact with substances such as paint during winter can damage the protective lipid film on the hands, thereby worsening skin fissures. In severe cases, this may progress to keratotic eczema of the hands, characterized by localized epidermal thickening (hyperkeratosis) and fissuring. Non-fissured areas may itch, often prompting scratching that leads to deep fissures prone to bleeding.

For fissures caused by dry, sebum-deficient skin, topical moisturizers and emollients—such as urea cream—can typically provide rapid relief. However, if keratotic eczema develops due to prolonged winter exposure to a specific substance—and fissures are deep and associated with bleeding—topical erythromycin ointment should be applied to bleeding fissures to prevent infection. Additionally, emollients and topical corticosteroids (e.g., halometasone ointment) may be used on hyperkeratotic areas. It is advisable to minimize contact with suspected allergens or irritants. We hope this information proves helpful!