What Causes Lower Left Abdominal Pain in Women?

A fashion-conscious, health- and beauty-oriented woman has recently noticed persistent pain in her left lower abdomen—but she’s unsure of the cause. So, what are the possible reasons for left lower abdominal pain in women?

What Causes Left Lower Abdominal Pain in Women?

Common causes of left lower abdominal pain in women include left adnexitis (inflammation of the left fallopian tube and ovary) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), as well as left urinary tract stones—such as kidney or ureteral stones—which may cause radiating pain to the genital area and be accompanied by hematuria (blood in the urine). Additionally, gastrointestinal tumors—including those in the left hemicolon or rectum—can also lead to left lower abdominal pain.

For women experiencing dull, persistent left lower abdominal pain, identifying the underlying cause is essential before initiating treatment. Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common cause; however, other potential gynecological conditions—including uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis—must also be ruled out. Furthermore, non-gynecological causes such as intestinal spasm or urinary tract stones should be considered and excluded. Diagnostic evaluation typically includes pelvic ultrasound and a comprehensive gynecological examination. If the gynecological exam reveals thickening and tenderness in the adnexal region, this is considered a characteristic sign of PID.

Ultrasound findings in typical PID are often nonspecific; however, pelvic fluid accumulation may occasionally be observed. Antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of PID management, frequently supplemented with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations that promote blood circulation and resolve stasis. Importantly, left lower abdominal pain must also be differentiated from other conditions—such as torsion or rupture of uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts, as well as intestinal spasm or urinary tract stones. We hope this information proves helpful!