What is the normal range for heart rate on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

For electrocardiography (ECG), a normal heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. A heart rate below 50 bpm is considered bradycardia, while a rate above 110 bpm is classified as tachycardia; both are regarded as pathological arrhythmias. Even if an individual’s heart rate falls within the normal range of 60–100 bpm, conditions such as atrioventricular (AV) block, atrial fibrillation, or frequent premature beats still constitute cardiac arrhythmias.