Causes of Bicornuate Uterus

A bicornuate uterus is a type of uterine malformation resulting from incomplete fusion of the caudal portions of the Müllerian ducts and subsequent resorption of the intervening septum, leading to a single cervix and a single vaginal canal. However, the uterine fundus fails to fuse completely, giving the uterus a characteristic “two-horned” or “saddle-shaped” external contour—hence the terms “bicornuate uterus” or “saddle-shaped uterus.” This condition is typically congenital, arising from abnormal embryonic development. Surgical correction is often required; otherwise, it may predispose affected women to infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss. Additionally, a bicornuate uterus may cause symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and menstrual irregularities.