What is flexible ureteroscopy for kidney stones?

Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for the treatment of kidney stones is a relatively new therapeutic approach developed in recent years. As it accesses the renal pelvis and calyces via the urethra, bladder, and ureter—without creating any external incisions—it qualifies as a minimally invasive procedure. During ureteroscopic surgery, a ureteral access sheath must be placed and maintained. However, patients with ureteral stricture may not tolerate sheath insertion, which can hinder smooth surgical progression. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy refers to the process of fragmenting stones within the renal pelvis and calyces into small pieces; postoperative recovery often requires an extended period.