What causes hard skin on the soles of the feet?

Hard skin on the soles is generally caused by friction from shoe soles or foot-related conditions. Prolonged standing and walking, combined with constant rubbing against the shoe sole, can lead to hard skin formation, commonly known as calluses. When buying shoes, avoid sizes that are too small to prevent foot compression; instead, choose shoes with thick and soft soles, which make walking easier and reduce the likelihood of callus formation. Foot conditions such as plantar hyperkeratosis require treatment at a正规 hospital. Early stages of this condition usually have minimal impact.