What causes ankle swelling?

Hello, swelling around the ankles (edema) requires careful evaluation. First, it is essential to determine whether the patient has any underlying internal medical conditions—such as heart, liver, or kidney dysfunction. Cardiac disease may lead to heart failure, resulting in ankle edema. Liver disease can cause hypoalbuminemia, which also contributes to ankle swelling. Similarly, impaired kidney function may lead to protein loss (e.g., nephrotic syndrome), causing edema in the ankles. Local factors may also be responsible, including varicose veins, incompetent lower-limb venous valves, or venous reflux. We hope this information is helpful. Wishing you a pleasant and healthy life!