Under what circumstances is immunohistochemistry required?

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an experimental technique that uses antibodies to detect antigens on the surface of cells. IHC testing is generally considered in the following situations: 1. Diagnosis of cellular malignancy: for example, clinical diagnosis of malignant tumors, epidemiological studies, detection of cellular variations, analysis of lymph node metastasis and prognosis of tumors. 2. Analysis of genetic abnormalities and tumorigenesis using antigen detection: for example, research on molecular mechanisms of cancer development; abnormal antigen expression in malignant tumors can be used for diagnosing antigens and analyzing malignancies. 3. Molecular biology research: such as in-depth studies on molecular regulation, gene expression, signal transduction, and apoptosis. 4. Tumor immunotherapy: including discovery of cellular immunotherapies and specific design of immunotherapeutic strategies. In summary, immunohistochemistry is a highly effective detection technique capable of identifying cell surface antigens. Therefore, it can be widely applied in cancer diagnosis, investigation of genetic abnormalities and tumor formation, studies on molecular regulation and gene expression, and the development of immunotherapeutic strategies.