How to treat gallstones, kidney stones, and hydronephrosis

Treatment for gallstones and hydronephrosis can be summarized as follows: **Gallstones:** 1. **Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) litholytic therapy:** Using herbal medicine to improve the body's internal environment, eliminate toxic substances that contribute to stone formation, and help reduce the size of stones so they can be expelled from the body. 2. **Surgical treatment:** Minimally invasive surgery is a commonly used method, suitable for various cases of gallstones. 3. **Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL):** Utilizing a shock wave machine to break stones into smaller fragments or powder, which are then passed out of the body through urine. 4. **Dietary management:** Consume foods rich in vitamins A and K; avoid high-fat and irritating foods. **Hydronephrosis:** 1. **Conservative management:** Applicable for mild and slowly progressing cases of hydronephrosis, requiring regular monitoring and follow-up examinations. 2. **Surgical treatment:** Indicated when hydronephrosis progressively worsens or kidney function declines; procedures may include stone removal or relief of urinary obstruction.