How is cholecystitis caused and how is it treated?

The main causes of cholecystitis include: 1. Infectious factors: Pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and streptococcus may invade the gallbladder via the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to cholecystitis. 2. Chemical factors: Highly concentrated bile salts in bile or reflux of pancreatic juice into the gallbladder can irritate the gallbladder wall and cause inflammation. 3. Obstructive factors: Mechanical blockage of the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder, commonly caused by gallstones, results in bile stasis and irritation of the gallbladder wall. 4. Other factors: Severe trauma or shock causing ischemia and necrosis of the gallbladder, as well as food allergies, diabetes, and other conditions, may also contribute to the development of cholecystitis. Methods for treating cholecystitis include: 1. Medication: Use of antispasmodic and analgesic drugs such as atropine and nitroglycerin, or oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine such as Jin Dan Pian to reduce inflammation and promote bile flow. 2. Surgical treatment: For acute cholecystitis, surgery may be scheduled electively; for chronic cholecystitis with loss of gallbladder function, surgical removal is recommended.